![]() The Justice Department will continue to vigorously prosecute hate crimes, which not only target individuals for harm, but also deny entire communities the promises of true freedom and equal protection.” But this guilty plea sends an unequivocal message that violence based on one’s gender identity violates America’s defining values of inclusivity and dignity. “No conviction, even such a historic one, can relieve the grief and anguish facing this victim’s family. “Congress passed the Shepard-Byrd Act to protect our most vulnerable communities, including the transgender community, from harm,” said Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Gupta. By holding accountable the perpetrator of this heinous deed, we reinforce our commitment to ensuring justice for all Americans.” While Mississippi convicted the defendant on murder charges, we believe in the fundamental value of identifying and prosecuting these bias-fueled incidents for what they are: acts of hate. “Today’s landmark guilty plea reaffirms that basic principle, and it signals the Justice Department’s determination to combat hate crimes based on gender identity. “Our nation’s hate crime statutes advance one of our fundamental beliefs: that no one should have to live in fear because of who they are,” said Attorney General Lynch. Davis of the Southern District of Mississippi and Special Agent in Charge Christopher Freeze of the FBI’s Jackson Division. Lynch Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Vanita Gupta, head of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division U.S. The plea was announced by Attorney General Loretta E. Vallum was charged with violating the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Williamson was 17 years old and resided in Alabama at the time of her death. Joshua Brandon Vallum, 29, of Lucedale, Mississippi, pleaded guilty today to a federal hate crime for assaulting and murdering Mercedes Williamson because she was a transgender woman. Hate Crimes Prevention Act Where Victim was Targeted Because of Gender Identity ![]() This article was amended on to clarify that Joshua Vallum was not the first American to be prosecuted for a transgender hate crime – although he was the first to be successfully prosecuted for a transgender hate crime under the Hate Crimes Prevention Act, a federal law that was introduced by Barack Obama in 2009.First Case Prosecuted under the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr.Last week, a Virginia state court angered LGBT activists by ruling that attacks motivated by the victim’s sexual orientation could not be prosecuted as hate crime under the state’s law. Vallum had previously been sentenced to life in prison in a state court for the same murder.īut federal prosecutors brought an additional lawsuit for hate crime because Mississippi lacks a statute protecting people against hate crimes based on their gender identity, the Department of Justice said.Īccording to a 2015 NCTE survey, nearly one in 10 US trans people said they had been physically attacked because of being transgender in the year prior to completing the survey. “Today’s sentencing reflects the importance of holding individuals accountable when they commit violent acts against transgender individuals,” said attorney general Jeff Sessions in a statement. This was the first case where a victim had been targeted because of gender identity that had been prosecuted under the US federal hate crime law, the Department of Justice said in a statement. He struck deadly blows to Williamson’s head with a hammer after she tried running away, prosecutors said. He decided to kill Williamson, fearing that he could face retribution from other gang members if word spread she was a transgender woman, prosecutors said.Īfter luring his former lover to his father’s home in Mississippi, Vallum shocked Williamson with a stun gun before stabbing her repeatedly with a pocket knife. Vallum, a member of the Latin Kings street gang, believed to the largest Hispanic gang in the United States, secretly dated Williamson during the summer of 2014, according to prosecutors. In 2009, Congress expanded a federal hate crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim’s sexual orientation among other factors. “It’s essential that biased crime against trans people be recognized as a serious national problem,” she said in a phone interview. Harper Jean Tobin, spokeswoman for the National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE), a Washington DC advocacy group, said the murder was part of an “epidemic of violence against transgender people” in the United States. The 29-year-old man appeared in Gulfport, Mississippi before a federal judge who could have imposed a maximum sentence of life without parole.
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![]() of nostalgia Fully functional washboard is durable and rust resistant Vintage-style design makes for unique. VINTAGE COLLAPSIBLE WIRE French LAUNDRY CART BASKET - 23 Rolling. Free shipping on many items Browse your favorite brands affordable prices. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice. 15 best laundry baskets and hampers of 2022. Get the best deals on vintage laundry basket when you shop the largest online selection at. Brand Brand Type Manufacturer Warranty Country/Region of Manufacture Vintage Part. Free Shipping on Everything at Bed Bath & Beyond - Your Online Home Decor Outlet Store - 33746598. 99 Free shipping Commercial Metal Frame Lodging Laundry Trash Cart. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. Shop for Vintage Metal Laundry Basket with Wheels. Click ‘Customise Cookies’ to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. If you agree, we’ll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. Add ½ inch for seam allowance for measuring the fabric for the round base (total 22.5 inches) 2. The bottom dimension of our cart was 22 inches. Creative Co-op Vintage Metal Laundry Basket with Wheels 25 x 15 x 26 3/4 (W x D x H) Discover additional products Design your perfect room Questions and. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements. Begin by measuring your laundry cart and make a note of these measurements: circular diameter of the cart bottom. they are details meant to be there by design.We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. This Peterboro Antique Square Laundry Basket, with its rich deep brown color darkened over the years by aging, will make a unique and wonderful decoration. Add to Favorites Farmhouse Rolling Oval Laundry Bin 4. With PUEBCO products, there are no imperfections. Vintage Metal Laundry Cart, Rolling Cart, Fresh Market, Folding Basket, Retro 90s Display, Folding Shopping Cart, Laundry Storage 5 out of 5 stars (165) 60.00. By using recycled materials and hand made processes, PUEBCO imbues these objects with the feel of many lifetimes and a sense of history that makes each piece unique. 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Heres a rolling laundry basket that looks vintage farmhouse and holds a mountain of storage possibiliti.Buy Now, Pay Later Credit Shopping at Seventh. ![]() ![]() *Note: This product is made by reusing the mail bag of a used post office and the legs of a folding desk. Farmhouse Laundry Basket, Storage, Organization, Collapsible. Material: Repurposed Fabric (Cotton, others), Steel Vintage Grocery Basket - Metal Grocery Basket - Vintage Carry All Basket - Vintage Metal Tote All - Vintage Grocery Store Shopping Basket. The hamper is made by repurposing old mail bags from the post office and the legs from a used folding desk. Stylishly streamline any bedroom or laundry space with this thoughtfully crafted cart Cart is made from cotton blend, steel, and rubber Cart measures 19.75' L x 32.25' W x 30. ![]() 9KG capacity 16 laundry programmes 1400 spin speed Fuzzy logic Bluetooth connectivity. What was old is new again with this VINTAGE FOLDING LAUNDRY HAMPER by Puebco. Ariete 1200W Vintage 5.5L Stand Mixer Cream. ![]() I’ve gone through and highlighted my absolute favorites for your convenience, like the last one on this list! □ 1. I know you’ll find at least one that you’ll want in your game! Here’s a list of amazing and cute loading screens for sims 4. Here’s where you can find my list of favorite CAS backgrounds! Best Sims 4 Loading Screens These are override mods meaning you can only have ONE in your mods folder at a time, so choose wisely.Īnd if you’re interested in custom loading screens, you may also want a custom CAS background to make your game look even more unique. You can find my top pick for a sims 4 laptop here!) (Another tip for faster loading times is to invest in a gaming laptop for faster and smoother gameplay. ![]() ![]() Don’t wait any longer – download The Sims 4 game, spice up your loading screens, and let your imagination soar! ✨ Get ready to immerse yourself in a world of creativity, exploration, and endless fun. It’s time to embark on a Sims 4 journey like no other. So, my fellow Simmers, check out the loading screens below, indulge in the vast collection of downloadable content, and unlock the potential of mods. Creating an account on various modding servers provides access to an array of incredible loading screen mods and files that will elevate your Sims 4 adventure to new heights. The thrill of trying new loading screens with all the options and exploring different servers to find the perfect assets and textures added a whole new level of excitement to my Simming journey. Once you know your way around the update, perhaps you may want to decorate your homescreens to get into the holiday spirit Check out these inspirations: 1. With any loading screen mod below, you have the power to replace that mundane blue screen with something truly captivating and unique.Īs I delved deeper into the realm of Sims 4 mods and custom content (CC), I also stumbled upon a treasure trove of loading screen downloadable content (DLC) for The Sims 4. Little did I know, my Simming world was about to transform when I discovered the incredible loading screens mod. I resigned myself to the boringness of the default blue screen, wishing for time to pass swiftly. Christmas Home Screen (7,856 Results) Christmas Pig Screen Print LOW HEAT TorchLight21 (3,527) 4.25 Christmas Lights Background Digital Download - Fine Art Photography - screen saver - computer wallpaper from William Britten WilliamBrittenPhoto (151) 12. They're completely free, so feel free to switch 'em out as often as you'd like.Want to save this list? Click here to pin it!įor a long time, I was blissfully unaware that changing the loading screen in The Sims 4 was even an option. Now that you're a pro, browse through these Santa-approved Zoom backgrounds and download any that catch your eye. Upload as many backgrounds as you'd like, and rotate through your assortment.Click the arrow to the right side of it, and select "Choose a virtual background." After you sign into a Zoom call, look for an icon that says "Stop video" in the bottom left corner of the window.Pick a few options, so you can switch them between parties or meetings. Download the background of your choice.In case you need a refresher, here's how to add a virtual background on Zoom. Others serve as great conversation starters, taking your friends and family right into their favorite Christmas movies like Home Alone and How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Some of them will turn your living room into a decked-out wonderland, complete with twinkle lights, Christmas trees and festive decor. And while it may be tricky to see everyone IRL this holiday season, there are still so many ways you can celebrate together - virtual happy hours, get-togethers, game nights, you name it.īring the holiday spirit to any (and all!) calls by downloading these Christmas Zoom backgrounds. Christmas is best spent with the people you love most. ![]() ![]() The orchestra preserve and protect the musical heritage of these unforgettable songs, whilst also looking to the future by presenting original arrangements of classic standards written by members of the orchestra.Įxpect to hear hits such as I’ve Got You Under My Skin (Cole Porter/Frank Sinatra), Stardust (Hoagy Carmichael/Nat ‘King’ Cole), ‘S Wonderful (George Gershwin/Ella Fitzgerald) and many more in a joyful celebration of some of the best music of the 20 th Century. The music of these great artists and composers will be bought to life by Down for the Count’s Concert Orchestra, featuring some of the UK’s top emerging musicians and arrangers under the baton of musical director Mike Paul-Smith. The endless romantic allure of The Great American Songbook makes its compositions adaptable to many styles of music, from blues to soul to jazz. Great American Songbook The Songbook Academy welcomes 40 vocalists from around the country for seven days of workshops, masterclasses, and performances. This collection features artists ranging from the legendary singers Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett and Frank Sinatra to modern masters of the genre Diana Krall and Jamie Cullum. The 28-piece Down for the Count Concert Orchestraand vocalists present a “sonic ride back to the sounds of Capitol Studios in the 1950s” (DownBeat Magazine) as they play timeless classics from The Great American Songbook.Ĭomposers such as George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Hoagy Carmichael and Irving Berlin transformed the art of popular song in the first half of the 20 th Century, providing the material that would spring artists such as Frank Sinatra, Nat ‘King’ Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Peggy Lee, Judy Garland and many more to international stardom. The Great American Songbook represents a core suite of songs from stage, screen, dance club, and jazz hall that was the accompanying soundtrack for. 8: Too Much Monkey Business (Chuck Berry) Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley were mutual admirers (Berry described the man dubbed The King as the greatest who ever lived). Listen to The Great American Songbook by Various Artists on Apple Music. ![]() When spinach is cooked, it’s an excellent source of iron (more than one-third of your daily requirement), as well as vitamin C (20 percent of your daily requirement) and fiber, which is essential for digestive health, per the USDA. And the deep, vibrant color of spinach hints at its nutritional profile: 1 cup has 16 percent of your daily requirement of vitamin A, and all your daily vitamin K, according to the USDA. "The most nutritious salad greens are generally the darkest in color," Kennedy says. Subtle in flavor, spinach is anything but when it comes to nutrition. “However you serve kale, just be sure to remove the tough ribbing first,” Kennedy says. Kale also pairs well with roasted squash, nuts, seeds, and beans. ![]() “It's simple to prepare sautéed with some onions and garlic, amazing baked into ‘chips,’ and makes a great base for a salad.” For the salad, if you chop the kale into small pieces or allow it to sit in the dressing for a little bit before eating (or both), it becomes more tender, she explains. “Kale is delicious raw or cooked,” says Kennedy. While slightly higher in calories than other greens, cooked kale provides about 14 percent of your daily requirement of calcium, which is essential for building and maintaining strong bones. It also contains 23 percent of your daily requirement of vitamin C, which is important for the growth and repair of all tissues in the body and helps maintain a healthy immune system and kale also has more than four times your daily requirement of vitamin K, crucial to form proteins necessary for normal blood clotting, build stronger bones, and protect against osteoporosis, according to the National Institutes of Health. Department of Agriculture (USDA), just one cup of cooked kale meets 19 percent of your daily requirement for vitamin A, which helps maintain good vision, a healthy immune system and reproductive system, and proper functioning of the heart, lungs, and kidneys. Kale is a trendy green for a reason - according to the U.S. This definitive ranking can help you when you’re ready to branch out from kale. Getting a variety of leafy greens in your diet is a good strategy to take advantage of everything they have to offer, but in general, the darker the leaf, the more nutrients it contains. While nearly all greens have something to offer, they can differ somewhat in the type and amount of fiber, vitamins, and minerals they contain, says Kelly Kennedy, RDN, the staff nutritionist for Everyday Health. Another study, published in March the same year in the Journal of Nutrition, found that people who consumed one cup of nitrate-rich vegetables a day had significantly stronger muscle function in their lower limbs, and walked an average of 4 percent faster than people with the lowest nitrate intake, independent of their physical activity levels. In particular, research has found that leafy greens are one of the top sources of dietary nitrates, compounds that bring cardiovascular benefits.Īfter analyzing data from more than 50,000 people over a 23-year period, Danish researchers found that those who ate just one cup of nitrate-rich vegetables a day had up to a 26 percent lower risk of heart disease, as reported in their study, published in April 2021 in the European Journal of Epidemiology. These frequently lauded vegetables have been linked to a number of health benefits. ![]() You already know that salad is good for you, and one of the main reasons why is that it’s usually built on a nutritious base of leafy greens. That’s how many Instagram followers Gomez has, who likely saw her post Friday morning. For example, after the songstress dropped Lose You to Love Me in October 2019, some fans were convinced Hailey shaded the track on social media. Dr Iqbal Malik is Consultant Cardiologist with 20. Selena, for her part, has stayed quiet about her past relationship, but has vaguely addressed certain situations regarding the rumored feud between herself and Hailey. ![]() The following day Gomez told her fans that “words matter” and urged them to stop leaving hateful comments. However once you have presented with a stroke, that is a different story. In September 2022 in an interview with the Call Her Daddy podcast, Bieber discussed the purported drama and said Gomez and her were on good terms. From honest conversations to skincare routines to fashion fails I cant wait to dive into some of my most cherished passions. But both women have publicly attempted to quash those rumors. This is not the first time rumors of a feud have spread, in the years since Bieber married her pop star husband, Gomez’s ex, fans have jumped on internet theories that the two women dislike each other. ![]() This sent fans of Jenner, Bieber and Gomez-who collectively have more than 835 million Instagram followers-speculating there was beef among the stars. Rumors of the feud began at the end of February when fans perceived a Bieber social media post with reality star Kylie Jenner to be a dig at Gomez. Bieber called for more thoughtfulness on social media and said watching the hateful rhetoric of the past few weeks has been “very hard for everyone involved.” Key Background Hailey Bieber Explains She Had Heart Surgery After a Blood Clot Caused a Mini Stroke But the model reassured fans that she's recovering really well. ![]() The size of your journal is mostly a personal preference. For the budding artist, the Dingbats Wildlife Plain Medium Notebook is well equipped to handle the most detailed sketches and doodlings. If you're looking for something more expressive and perfect for the seasoned journaler, Appointed Co.’s The Notebook is an aesthetically pleasing and functional option. Self Journal is the most exploratory and comprehensive self-journal. With its well-rounded content, diverse color options, and heavy-weight pages, the BestSelf Co. The paper has a slightly waxy feel, which may affect how some pens or pencils react on its surface.ĭimensions: 8.46 x 6.3 x 0.79 inches | Format: Dotted | Page Count: 192 | Weight: 1.01 pounds Just note that this hardcover journal doesn’t lay completely flat, which can make it a little tricky for those who prefer a totally even writing or drawing surface. As a personal touch, each of the 14 color variations has an animal on the cover, so make sure you select the shade and creature that's expressive to you. Of course, the 192 pages of acid-free paper support pens, markers, and fountain ink, making page bleedthrough minimal to non-existent. Format options like dotted, lined, plain, and square mean this journal offers universal appeal. Just make sure you have a notebook like the Plain Medium Notebook from Dingbats Wildlife to support your creative endeavors. Journaling has no strict rules, so if you find yourself gravitating toward art in the process, that's wonderful. It’s worth noting that while you can technically dive into this year-long journal at any time, the prompts are seasonal, which means you may find that the week in which you start doesn’t exactly match up to the time of year if you go off-calendar.ĭimensions: 6.25 x 0.75 x 9.25 inches | Format: Prompt | Page Count: 176 | Weight: 1.05 pounds While this option does feel more advanced for someone just starting in the world of journaling, a seasoned journaler will find this both enlightening and gratifying once completed. Filled with open-ended prompts, this journal will lead to thoughtful consideration and offers up plenty of room to write in responses. Zen priest and teacher Bonnie Myotai Treace, sensei, takes you through pages of seasonal and emotionally-introspective prompts that help you explore–not judge–your consciousness. However, it doesn’t offer as much room for writing on your own as other options on our list.ĭimensions: 5.55 x 0.85 x 8.05 inches | Format: Prompt | Page Count: 192 | Weight: 0.93 poundsĪ Year of Zen is one of the few high-quality guided journals on the market that encompasses a whole year's worth of self-discovery. ![]() The listed steps are simple to follow, and the advice is widely applicable. The guide blends philosophical practices with intentional prompts to help you understand what may be holding you back in your life and what you can cultivate more of to become your most authentic self.įilled with writing exercises as well as real-life examples, it’s easy to take this journal’s guidance and apply it within your own life. Her own journal, Manifest: 7 Steps to Living Your Best Life, is equal parts spiritual journey and introspective as journalers learn her seven steps to leading a bountiful life in an interactive and easy-to-digest format. Our expert source, Roxie Nafousi, is a self-development coach who knows a thing or two about manifesting the life you want. ![]() More reading-based than written activities Overall, though, the quality materials, easy-to-use layout, and ample space for journaling make this a standout pick.ĭimensions: 5.75 x 8.5 inches | Format: Prompt | Page Count: Not specified | Weight: 1.52 pounds For example, each day features gratitude sections twice. Some reviewers note that certain aspects of this self journal are a bit repetitive. The brand even ensured that the pages within increased productivity, utilizing science to ensure goal setting and cultivation of happiness were metrics that would improve by the end of the 13 weeks. Given its easy navigation, straightforward layout, and ample space for reflection outside the guided prompts, this journal is a staple for anyone needing to realign with themselves.įeatures like a hardcover, elasticated closure, and heavyweight pages keep this journal feeling elevated and chic, not dated and childlike. This undated and budget-friendly 13-week journal will guide you through pages of daily planning, weekly intentions, habits to work on, and much more. The Self Journal by BestSelf is our top pick for self-reflective journals for a reason. ![]()
![]() written or electronic approval has been obtained.the invoice for these goods and/or services is accurate with respect to items, quantities and prices, and.the buying department is satisfied with the goods and/or services,.the goods and/or services have been received,.The preconditions for issuing payment to a supplier for goods and services are: Invoice Amount Exceeds Purchase Order Amount This section deals with those purchases where a purchase order is required, resulting in a purchase order related invoice from the supplier.Īuthorizing Purchase Order Related Payments See How to Purchase Goods and Services on the Procurement Services website which shows the options and requirements available based on the amount of the transaction to comply with U of T’s Procurement Policy. For more information on internal purchase/sale transactions, refer to the section Internal Revenues and Internal Expense Recoveries. An exception to this would be purchases from MedStore where the purchasing card may be used. Note: Any internal University of Toronto-related purchases will be processed via the internal revenue and expense recovery transaction in FIS by the buying department. Use your Imprest Bank Account for purchases up to $500.Use your Petty Cash fund for purchases up to $100.Place your order with the vendor and request an invoice for payment (see Certified Invoices).( Note: This type of purchase order will not be reflected in FIS through the normal purchase order process) For purchases of goods and services under $10,000, you have the following options: Please refer to How to Purchase Goods and Services.A purchase order is required for goods and services of $10,000 or more. The purchase of goods and services at the University of Toronto can be made using a number of different methods, depending on the type of purchase and the value. ![]() Updates and Changes to the Guide to Financial Management.Records Management - Payments to Vendors.Payments to Hospitals or Other Institutions to Recover Costs.Payments Associated with Contractual Agreements.Payments Without Invoices Processed Through FIS.Investment, Internal Financing and Loans. ![]() DOT 6 (or 5.1) brake fluids: can be combined perfectly with water and only have a minimally lower boiling point.DOT 5 brake fluids: are manufactured on the basis of silicone, which is why they are not in danger of absorbing water and are mainly used in the US.DOT 4 brake fluids: are often used in the current vehicle models and have a higher boiling point.DOT 3 brake fluids: are mostly found in older vehicles and should not be mixed with DOT 4. ![]() So if you're asking yourself "What brake fluid do i need?", take a look here: The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) defined 116 different brake fluid requirements, which determined 4 different types of brake fluid, which are commercially available on the market. Types of brake fluid - which brake fluid for my car? Reservations are made for errors and omissions in the content of the offer, prices and descriptions as well as for sold-out spare parts. Therefore we request you to create a task on .uk in order to see the current available prices and savings. The actual prices, savings and availability of workshops may have changed since you last visited .uk or received marketing material from us via e.g. Prices include VAT and other possible charges. Other price and saving statements which are stated in GBP or percentage are updated once a quarter (1 Jan., 1 Apr., 1 Jul., and 1 Oct.) based on 12 months of data from jobs that have received at least four quotes. "FROM PRICES" are updated every half hour and are stated in GBP. "SAVING ON AVERAGE" and "AVERAGE PRICE" are calculated as an overall average of prices and savings obtained on quotes on the same job type within the radius from which quotations are obtained. "SAVE UP TO" is calculated as the saving obtained between the cheapest and most expensive quotes on the same job type where at least 15% have obtained the promoted SAVE UP TO saving within the radius from which the quote is collected. "FROM PRICES" is the cheapest available current price, for the same type of job from workshops throughout the country. To see the lowest possible price and the biggest possible current savings, "The whole country" must be selected in the offer overview when a job is created. Prices and savings may vary depending on car manufacture, model, year, workshop availability and when and where in the country the task is to be carried out. The stated prices and savings are based on quotes from workshops registered with Autobutler and their own individual prices. ![]() The applied price and savings statements in our marketing ![]() ![]() The authors have unique experience assessing, studying, testing, researching and conserving several significant Space Age artifacts including Space Shuttles, Saturn V Rockets, Skylab, a titanium A-12 spy plane, and a Corona spy satellite. A thorough understanding of these materials is critical as many have unique requirements for preservation titanium can shatter when worked on with conventional cadmium-plated tools and the material is highly susceptible to chlorinated water or cleaning materials. Just as the space-age was responsible for the creation of many modern materials that are currently in use in the building industry today, the authors are employing knowledge obtained from the treatment of mid-century modern artifacts to the conservation of mid-century building materials. Although not visually consistent, there is a direct relationship between the research and development of titanium plates for aircraft skins used for Kelly Johnson’s A-12 and SR-71 supersonic spy planes to Frank Gehry’s titanium-covered Guggenheim Bilbao. Commonly used materials include urethane foam, honeycomb panel construction, various lightweight/high strength aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, beryllium, MylarTM, TedlarTM, RTV silicone, PlexiglasTM, and various resins. NASA and DARPA explicitly encouraged the development of commercial uses of materials first developed for space exploration and advanced weaponry of the Atomic Age. Instead, a stronger influence on building history can be found in the transfer of materials developed for space flight into use in construction. ![]() The design impulse petered out after the height of the space age and we didn’t end up living in houses that looked like rocket ships. There was a design progression from the streamlined electric locomotives of the 1930’s, the Avanti automobile of the 1960’s, to the Space Station of the 1970’s (all designed by Raymond Loewy), but the urge to create buildings that reflected the speed of the modern age could not be sustained. Originating in Southern California in the late 1940s, Googie architecture, a form of futuristic architecture influenced by the space and atomic age, was popular into the 1960s. Design anomalies like the Sheets-Goldstein House by John Lautner exist, but they were far less ubiquitous than the esthetic of sleekness and speed that permeated many aspects of the early modern age, from railroads and aircraft to skyscrapers. While the influence of the machine age on architecture and design is well known, seen in the streamlining of the Art Deco and Modernist styles, the “space age” is more a cliché as a period than a true architectural influence. Presented at the Mid-Century Modern Structures: Materials and Preservation Symposium |
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